Terms we use, defined clearly. Built from real practice.
A comprehensive list of every component, part, and raw material needed to build a product.
Shaping a product so it can actually be produced at scale — cost-effectively and reliably.
A real-time virtual replica of a physical object, process, or system used for simulation and monitoring.
Processing data near the source of generation rather than sending everything to a centralized cloud.
Machine learning models running directly on device hardware, without depending on cloud connectivity.
Low-level software permanently stored on a hardware device that controls its basic functions.
Using algorithms to explore thousands of design alternatives based on goals, constraints, and materials.
The Internet of Things — networks of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity.
Production Validation Test — the final manufacturing run before mass production, verifying process and quality.
Quickly fabricating a physical model using 3D printing, CNC, or other additive/subtractive methods.
Combining data from multiple sensor types to produce a richer, more accurate measurement than any single source.
Connecting distinct subsystems — mechanical, electrical, firmware, cloud — into a coherent product.